Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: The Therapeutic Potential of Novel Carnosine Formulations: Perspectives for Drug Development

doi: 10.3390/ph16060778

Figure Lengend Snippet: New metallic nanoparticle-based formulations of carnosine.

Article Snippet: Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microbeads , The Fe 3 O 4 NPs have been encapsulated, along with carnosine, inside porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microbeads. These new drug-delivery vesicles have the potential to pave the way towards the safe and triggered release of onsite drug delivery as part of a theragnostic treatment for cancer. , ▪ Increased bioavailability of drug ▪ Enhanced intracellular uptake , [ ] .

Techniques: Polymer, Activity Assay, Synthesized, Binding Assay, Avidin-Biotin Assay

Journal: Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

Article Title: Ultrasound-Activated Microbubble Cancer Therapy: Ceramide Production Leading to Enhanced Radiation Effect in vitro

doi: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500253

Figure Lengend Snippet: Haematoxylin and Eosin and immunohistochemical staining of HUVEC, AML, PC3, MDA-MB-231, KHT-C and astrocyte (asmase +/+) cells with and without ultrasound and microbubble exposure, one hour after treatment. H&E Staining: In all cell lines, haematoxylin and eosin staining indicated structural changes such as nuclear fragmentation with ultrasound-stimulated microbubble exposure. The decrease in cellular density in HUVEC and astrocytes after treatment indicates potential destruction of the cells by the ultrasound and microbubble treatment. Shrinkage of AML, PC3, MDA-MB-231 and KHT-C cells was also observed. Ceramide staining: ceramide (brown stain) was observed in small amounts in untreated cells as expected, but darker staining was present in the treated cells. The scale bar represents 50 microns.

Article Snippet: In order to treat the cells, 50 pL of 45 seconds agitated vialmix Definity microbubbles (Perflutren lipid microspheres, Lantheus Medical Imaging, Billerica, MA USA) and 1.5 ml of the 2 X 10 6 cells/ml solution were added to the chamber (for a 3.3% v/v bubble concentration).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining

Journal: Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

Article Title: Ultrasound-Activated Microbubble Cancer Therapy: Ceramide Production Leading to Enhanced Radiation Effect in vitro

doi: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500253

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical ceramide staining of HUVEC, asmase +/+ astrocytes, asmase —/— astrocytes and S1P-treated asmase +/+ astrocytes one hour after treatments. A similar pattern of effect was observed across all cell lines. Untreated cells and cells treated with radiation only appeared blue, but those treated with ultrasound and microbubbles, with or without radiation, caused cells to shrink and ceramide to be accumulated as shown by the brown staining. The scale bar represents 100 microns.

Article Snippet: In order to treat the cells, 50 pL of 45 seconds agitated vialmix Definity microbubbles (Perflutren lipid microspheres, Lantheus Medical Imaging, Billerica, MA USA) and 1.5 ml of the 2 X 10 6 cells/ml solution were added to the chamber (for a 3.3% v/v bubble concentration).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining

Journal: Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

Article Title: Ultrasound-Activated Microbubble Cancer Therapy: Ceramide Production Leading to Enhanced Radiation Effect in vitro

doi: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500253

Figure Lengend Snippet: Survival assays of astrocytes and HUVEC in response to treatments. Ultrasound-stimulated microbubble exposure induced a similar response for wild type, mutant and S1P-treated astrocytes (3A). The combination of ultrasound and microbubbles with radiation, however, induced a greater response in wild type astrocytes; mutant and S1P-treated astrocytes still had a similar response. On the other hand, radiation treatment alone demonstrated a similar response for all astrocytes, which indicates the activation of ceramide synthesizing enzymes by ultrasound and microbubbles (3B). Treatment of HUVEC with the ceramide pathway blocker S1P demonstrated enhanced cell survival, suggesting the involvement of the ceramide pathway in both radiation alone and ultrasound and microbubbles alone treatments (3C). The combination of ultrasound and microbubbles with radiation caused an additive response in HUVEC (3D).

Article Snippet: In order to treat the cells, 50 pL of 45 seconds agitated vialmix Definity microbubbles (Perflutren lipid microspheres, Lantheus Medical Imaging, Billerica, MA USA) and 1.5 ml of the 2 X 10 6 cells/ml solution were added to the chamber (for a 3.3% v/v bubble concentration).

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Activation Assay